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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 77(2): 98-105, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627408

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia del cerclaje cervical profiláctico en pacientes con embarazos únicos, cérvix >25 mm e historia de nacimientos prematuros espontáneos, asociados con infección bacteriana ascendente (IBA). Métodos: Estudio clínico en pacientes con embarazos únicos y partos prematuros y/o abortos de 2° trimestre espontáneos previos, sin partos de término, asociados con IBA. Se incluyeron los casos con longitud cervical de >25 mm al ingreso. Se comparó el cerclaje cervical hecho en pacientes derivadas antes de las 20 semanas, con el manejo expectante en mujeres enviadas después de esta edad gestacional y que mantuvieron longitud cervical >25 mm durante los controles. Se excluyeron embarazadas con cérvix <25 mm al ingreso del estudio, con acortamiento cervical <25 mm durante el manejo con conducta expectante y mujeres con nacimientos prematuros previos sin histología placentaria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 51 pacientes, 23 con cerclaje y 28 sin cerclaje. El cerclaje cervical profiláctico, redujo significativamente la frecuencia del nacimiento prematuro <37semanas (4,3 por ciento vs 35,7 por ciento), <34 semanas (4,3 por ciento vs 28,6 por ciento) y la corioamnionitis histológica (4,3 por ciento vs 32,1 por ciento), OR (IC95 por ciento) 0,08 (0,09-0,70), 0,11(0,01-0,99) y 0,01 (0,010,83), respectivamente. Conclusiones: En pacientes con nacimientos prematuros previos asociados con IBA, embarazo único y longitud cervical >25 mm, el cerclaje profiláctico, reduce la frecuencia del nacimiento prematuro <37 y <34 semanas y de la corioamnionitis histológica.


Aims: Determine the effectiveness of prophylactic cerclage in women with singleton pregnancies, cervix >25 mm and a history of spontaneous premature deliveries associated to ascending bacterial infection (ABI). Methods: Women with singleton pregnancies and history of preterm births, with no full term deliveries, associated to ABI. Cases with >25 mm cervical length at admission were included. Cervical cerclage performed on patients derived before 20 weeks of pregnancy was compared to the expectant management of women submitted at a later gestational stage with sustained cervical length of >25 mm. Pregnant women with <25 mm cervix at referral, with cervical shortening <25 mm at expectant management, and women with previous preterm birth without placental histology were excluded. Results: 51 patients were included, 23 with cerclage and 28 without cerclage. Prophylactic cerclage significantly reduced the frequency of premature birth <37 weeks, 4.3 percent vs 35.7 percent and <34 weeks, 4.3 percent vs 28.6 percent and histologic chorioamnionitis 4.3 percent vs 32.1percent (9/28), OR (95 percent CI) 0.08 (0.09-0.70), 0.11(0.01-0.99) and 0.01 (0.01-0.83), respectively. Conclusions: In patients with preterm births associated to ABI, singleton pregnancy and cervical length >25 mm, prophylactic cerclage reduces the frequency of premature delivery <37 and <34 weeks as well as histologic chorioamnionitis.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Cerclage, Cervical , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Obstetric Labor, Premature/prevention & control , Birth Weight , Chorioamnionitis/pathology , Early Neonatal Mortality , Gestational Age , Maternal Age , Pregnancy Outcome
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(10): 1294-1300, Oct. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-503897

ABSTRACT

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worídwide. In women, chlamydia infections are 75 percent asymptomatic and can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Infants exposed to the microorganism at birth also have a high risk to develop conjunctivitis and pneumonía. Aim: To determine the prevalence of C trachomatis in women in the Metropolitan área of Santiago (Chile). Patients and methods: Cervical specimens were collected from 403 women attending three gynecological outpatient settings from Apríl 2003 to June 2005. These included one public hospital (n =100), a prívate medical center (n =268), and a clinic for adolescents (n =35). Mean ages ofeach group of patients were 35.6±8,2, 33.4±8.1 and 16.9±4.2 years, respectively. The diagnosis of C trachomatis was performed by the amplification byPCRofa 517-base pair segment of the cryptic plasmid on specimens extracted by a commercial procedure. Positive specimens were conñrmed by nested PCRs targeting the ompl gene. The presence of vaginal infections and its association with C trachomatis was investigated in a subset of 223 women ofthe prívate center. Residís: C trachomatis was detected in the cervix of 19 out of 403 women, resulting in a prevalence of 4.7 percent. The distribution of positive cases among different age groups was not significantly different. Women presenting with bacterial vaginosis had a significantly higher prevalence of C trachomatis infection (p <0.01). Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of C trachomatis among gynecologic patients that should prompt preventive strategies.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification , Uterine Cervicitis/epidemiology , Vaginitis/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Cervix Uteri/microbiology , Chile/epidemiology , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Chlamydia trachomatis/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Porins/genetics , Prevalence , Urban Population , Uterine Cervicitis/diagnosis , Uterine Cervicitis/microbiology , Vagina/microbiology , Vaginal Smears , Vaginitis/diagnosis , Vaginitis/microbiology , Young Adult
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(5): 549-555, mayo 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-384412

ABSTRACT

Background : Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus, GBS, is the leading cause of neonatal and maternal infections and an opportunistic pathogen in adults with underlying disease. In the last decade, a dramatic increase in the resistance of this microorganism to erythromycin and clindamycin has been observed. Aim: To determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of S agalactiae collected from infections and colonization and to assess the genetic mechanisms of macrolide and clindamycin resistance. Material and methods: A total of 100 GBS isolates were collected between 1998 and 2002, in Santiago, Chile. They were isolated from the amniotic fluid from patients with premature rupture of membranes (7 isolates), blood from neonatal sepsis (10 isolates), neonate colonizations (2 strains), skin and soft tissue infections (7 isolates), urinary tract infections (5 isolates), genital infections (3 isolates), articular fluid (one isolate), and 65 strains were recovered from vaginal colonization55. Results: Serotypes Ia, II and III were the predominant serotypes identified in our study, accounting for 90 (90 percent) of the strains. Five isolates belonged to serotypes Ib (5 percent) and two (2 percent) to serotype V respectively; no strains belonging to serotype IV were found. All strains were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin and cefotaxime, and four isolates (4 percent) were resistant to both erythromycin (MIC >64 µg/ml) and clindamycin (MIC >64 µg/ml). The strains had a constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (cMLSB) resistance phenotype and the erm(A) gene was present in the four isolates. Conclusions: Serotypes Ia, II and III were the predominant serotypes in this study. All strains were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin and cefotaxime, and four (4 percent) strains were resistant to both erythromycin and clindamycin. The cMLSB resistance phenotype, and the erm(A) gene was detected in resistant strains (Rev MÚd Chile 2004; 132: 549-55).


Subject(s)
Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Streptococcus agalactiae , Ampicillin/pharmacology , Cefotaxime/pharmacology , Clindamycin/pharmacology , Erythromycin/pharmacokinetics , Penicillins/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Serotyping , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Tetracycline/pharmacology
4.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 68(6): 499-502, 2003. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-364384

ABSTRACT

La infección vulvovaginal (IVV) es una causa frecuente de consulta ginecológica en adolescentes siendo Vaginosis bacteriana, candidiasis y trichomoniasis sus etiologías más frecuentes. Estudios anteriores en adolescentes chilenas arrojan cifras disímiles respecto a la contribución de cada una de las etiologías anteriores. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar las etiologías más frecuentes de IVV en adolescentes sintomáticas que consultaron en un Centro de atención adolescente del área Norte de Santiago. Se tomaron muestras de flujo vaginal de 100 adolescentes las que fueron analizadas mediante Gram y cultivo. Noventa y una pacientes tenían vida sexual activa y 9 eran vírgenes. Se detectó 62% de vulvovaginitis, correspondiendo 31% a vaginosis bacteriana (VB), 24% a candidiasis, 2% a trichomoniasis y 5% etiología mixta (VB asociado candidiasis). Se encontró IVV en ambos grupos de adolescentes. Al analizar los resultados por edad, se observó un aumento en la incidencia de vulvovaginitis en adolescentes de mayor edad.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Vulvovaginitis/diagnosis , Vulvovaginitis/epidemiology , Vulvovaginitis/etiology
5.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 67(4): 300-304, 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-342269

ABSTRACT

Las especies de Candida, es la segunda mayor frecuencia de vulvovaginitis. En los últimos años Candida no albicans, aumentó su frecuencia y el diagnóstico es difícil. El empleo de Agar Cromocandida, facilite la diferenciación entre Candida albicans y Candida spp. El uso combinado de medio cromogénico y el test del tubo, permite identificar los diferentes tipos de Candida


Subject(s)
Humans , Candida , In Vitro Techniques , Vaginal Smears , Candida , Colony Count, Microbial , Culture Media
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 65(3): 158-60, mayo-jun. 1994.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-140491

ABSTRACT

La frecuencia con que se aisla haemophilus influenzae en infecciones maternas y neonatales, particularmente en partos prematuros, ha aumentado. Se describen tres casos clínicos de madres con antecedentes de rotura de membranas reciente y de hasta 24 horas, en cuyo líquido amniótico se aislaron cepas no capsuladas de haemophilus influenzae de serotipo no b, una de ellas biotipo II (las otras dos no fueron tipificadas). Los recién nacidos pesaron respectivamente 1.670, 950 y 1.680 g. En el primer caso, la madre y el recién nacido fueron tratados con antibióticos y no presentaron signos de infección sistémica. En el segundo caso la madre no recibió antibióticos al ingresar, a pesar de haberlo hecho con fiebre, sino hasta el puerperio inmediato; el niño fue afectado por septicemia a haemophilus influenzae, neumonía, dificultad respiratoria severa y hemorragia intracraneana, falleciendo a la edad de 12 dias. En el tercer caso, la madre recibió antibióticos sólo en el puerperio (por fiebre en el período expulsivo), pero el niño desde el nacimiento; en éste se aisló haemophilus influenzae del unto caseoso, sin signos de infección sistémica. El examen microbiológico del líquido amnióticop en mujeres embarazadas con rotura prematura de membranas puede ser de gran utilidad para manejar adecuadamente el riesgo de infecciones perinatales por estos agentes


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/microbiology , Haemophilus Infections/transmission , Communicable Diseases/complications , Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification , Amniotic Fluid/microbiology , Obstetric Labor, Premature/complications
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